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Business English Exercises
 

A very brief history of management theories

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Home > Teaching Business English > Business English Lessons, Advanced Level # 226
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Carter McNamara explains that views on management have changed substantially over the past century — particularly in the past few decades.

Correct answer: (d) substantially

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The Scientific Management Theory (1890-1940): At the turn of the century, the most notable organizations were large and industrialized, and often they included ongoing, routine tasks that manufactured a variety of products.

Correct answer: (d) turn

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The United States highly prized scientific and technical matters, including careful measurement and specification of activities and results, so management tended to be the same.

Correct answer: (c) prized

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Frederick Taylor developed the 'scientific management theory', which espoused this careful specification and measurement of all organizational tasks.

Correct answer: (c) espoused

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Tasks were standardized as much as possible, and workers were rewarded and punished; this approach appeared to work well for organizations with assembly lines and other mechanistic, routinized activities.

Correct answer: (a) assembly

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The Bureaucratic Management Theory (1930-1950): Max Weber embellished the scientific management theory, focussing on dividing organizations into hierarchies to establish strong lines of authority and control; he suggested organizations develop comprehensive and detailed standard operating procedures for all routinized tasks.

Correct answer: (b) embellished

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The Human Relations Movement (1930-today): Eventually, unions and government regulations reacted to the rather dehumanizing effects of these theories, and more attention was given to individuals and their unique capabilities in the organization.

Correct answer: (c) dehumanizing

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A major belief included that the organization would prosper if its workers prospered as well, and Human Resource departments were added to organizations. well much before possible

Correct answer: (d) well

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The behavioral sciences played a strong role in helping to understand the needs of workers and how the needs of the organization and its workers could be better aligned.

Correct answer: (a) aligned

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Various new theories were spawned, many based on the behavioral sciences (some had names like theory 'X', 'Y' and 'Z').

Correct answer: (d) spawned

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