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Business English Exercises
 

Nanotube Technology

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Home > Teaching Business English > Business English Lessons, Advanced Level # 249
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CNTs (carbon nanotubes) have probably been around for a lot longer than was first realized, but electron microscopy at that time was not advanced enough to distinguish them from other types of tubes.

Correct answer: (c) electron

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The first method for producing CNTs and fullerenes in reasonable quantities was by applying an electric current across two carbonaceous electrodes in an inert gas atmosphere.

Correct answer: (a) reasonable

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This method is called plasma arcing: it involves the evaporation of one electrode as cations followed by deposition at the other electrode.

Correct answer: (b) deposition

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The carbon arc discharge method is the most common and easiest way to produce CNTs, but it produces a complex mixture of components and requires further purification to separate the CNTs from the soot and the residual catalytic metals present in the crude product.

Correct answer: (d) residual

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This method creates CNTs through arc-vaporization of two carbon rods placed end to end, separated by approximately 1mm, in an enclosure that is usually filled with inert gas at low pressure.

Correct answer: (b) inert

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Another method of nanotube synthesis involves plasma arcing in the presence of cobalt with a 3% or greater concentration.

Correct answer: (c) presence

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The nanotube product is a compact cathode deposit of rod-like morphology.

Correct answer: (c) morphology

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However, when cobalt is added, the nature of the product changes to a web, with strands of 1mm or so thickness that stretch from the cathode to the walls of the reaction vessel.

Correct answer: (b) vessel

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The mechanism by which cobalt changes this process is unclear, however one possibility is that such metals affect the local electric fields and hence the formation of the five-membered rings.

Correct answer: (d) mechanism

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Arc-discharge and laser vaporization are currently the principal methods for obtaining small quantities of high quality CNTs, but both methods suffer from drawbacks: the CNTs are difficult to purify, manipulate, and assemble for building nanotube-device architectures for practical applications.

Correct answer: (d) drawbacks

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