relative clause vs Participle

[Nucomer]

Hi Teachers


1. I'd like to know that, is the use of "who,which,that"(relative pronoun) interchangeably with participle (both past and present) for Objective pronouns for every instance?

2. Any difference in meaning? And How do we know when to use which one appropriately?

I.e :- I like to hear people saying good news VS I like to hear people who say good news

- I saw a man kicked/being kicked by a horse VS I saw a man who was kicked by a horse

- I am going to make him saying horrible story VS I am going to make him who says horrible story (doesn't sound right)

- Who is the man speaking on the stage? VS Who is the man who speaks on the stage?

and there are many more sentences like these

Thanks

[Mister Micawber]

.
In the participial case, the saying, kicking, etc is presumably happening at the same time as the hearing, seeing, etc. With the relative pronoun, the reader does not know when the man was kicked.
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Native English teacher at Mister Micawber's