to have copied or to have been copied?

[Vaok]

To our surprise, the painting considered to ______ won the prize.

A. to have copied B. to have been copied

I choose A, but the suggested answer is B. I can't understand it. help .please! thank you!

[RickInAlbi]

Phrase A puts the sentence in the active voice. As such, it is the painting that does the copying of something else.
Phrase B puts the sentence in the passive voice. As such, it is the painting itself that has been copied .... by someone else.

I hope this helps.

Rick

[Yankee]

[Vaok]

thanks.

The painting was thought/believed/considered to have been copied (by him).

He painted a painting by copying someone else's painting. Does the painting in the above sentence refer to the painting he painted or the painting some else painted?

[Yankee]

[Vaok]

a bit clearer. thanks.

Is the following sentence right, in passive voice?

People believed that John had copied a Monet painting. =People believed that a Monet painting has been copied by John.

So ,in a way,the painting has been copied by John may refer to both "a Monet painting" and John's painting.

But the painting has been copied by John from a Monet painting only refer to John's painting.

That's my understanding. Am I right? Thanks!

[RickInAlbi]

Yes, the sentence is correct in the passive voice. Remember, it is usually better to write in the active voice -- the sentences are shorter, crisper, and clearer.

No, in both setences the word "painting" refers to the painting by Monet. We know this because the word "Monet" acts as an adjective to modify the word "painting." The copy made by John is implied by the verb "copy." If you needed to expressly mention what John had created, you would need to write something like 'John's painting was a copy of a painting by Monet.'

I hope this helps.

Rick

[Vaok]

My God! I'm very much confused!

Back to my question:

To our surprise, the painting considered to ______ won the prize.

A. to have copied B. to have been copied

Is the painting just a copy made by someone or the original one ( like something by Monet)?

[Yankee]

B.
People thought that the painting that won the prize was just a copy.
.

[RickInAlbi]

The painting is a copy. This sentence is not in the passive voice. Why? The main verb now is "won," and the sentence really is "The painting, which is considered to be a copy, won the prize.

I hope this helps.

Rick

[Vaok]

Now I see the painting is a copy in the sentence:

To our surprise, the painting considered to ______ won the prize.

thank you very much!

But what about a different situation:

The Monet painting is interesting. John copied it( =it was copied by John). so there is a sentence :

"The painting John copied is interesting."

Doesn't "the painting" mean the Monet painting?

[RickInAlbi]

That's correct. "The painting" is identified by the words that follow it, in this case "John copied."

Rick

[Vaok]

Sorry, I forgot one sentence.

But what about a different situation:

The Monet painting is interesting. John copied it( =it was copied by John). so there are two sentences :

1. "The painting that John copied is interesting."
2. "The painting that was copied by john is interesting."

Doesn't "the painting" mean the same in the above sentences?

thank you heart and soul.

[RickInAlbi]

Yes. If a phrase following a noun starts with "that," the phrase is describing the noun.

The phrases "that John copied" and "that was copied by John" modify the words "The painting." The words "the painting" therefore refer to the Monet, and not to John's copy.

Rick