HARD, HARDY, HARDILY,HARDLY

[Mr. Kyaw Min Lwin]

HARD, HARDY, HARDILY,HARDLY.

Only For Dear ESL learners.

HARD
hard [hɑːd]
adj

1. firm or rigid; not easily dented, crushed, or pierced
2. toughened by or as if by physical labour; not soft or smooth hard hands
3. difficult to do or accomplish; arduous a hard task
4. difficult to understand or perceive a hard question
5. showing or requiring considerable physical or mental energy, effort, or application hard work a hard drinker
6. stern, cold, or intractable a hard judge
7. exacting; demanding a hard master
8. harsh; cruel a hard fate
9. inflicting pain, sorrow, distress, or hardship hard times
10. tough or adamant a hard man
11. forceful or violent a hard knock
12. cool or uncompromising we took a long hard look at our profit factor
13. indisputable; real hard facts
14. (Chemistry) Chem (of water) impairing the formation of a lather by soap See hardness [3]
15. practical, shrewd, or calculating he is a hard man in business
16. too harsh to be pleasant hard light
17. (Economics, Accounting & Finance / Banking & Finance)
a. (of cash, money, etc.) in coin and paper rather than cheques
b. (of currency) in strong demand, esp as a result of a good balance of payments situation
c. (of credit) difficult to obtain; tight
18. (Miscellaneous Technologies / Brewing) (of alcoholic drink) being a spirit rather than a wine, beer, etc. the hard stuff
19. (Medicine / Pharmacology) (of a drug such as heroin, morphine, or cocaine) highly addictive Compare soft [20]
20. (Physics / General Physics) Physics (of radiation, such as gamma rays and X-rays) having high energy and the ability to penetrate solids
21. (Physics / General Physics) Physics (of a vacuum) almost complete
22. (Business / Commerce) Chiefly US (of goods) durable
23. short for hard-core
24. (Communication Arts / Journalism & Publishing) (Communication Arts / Broadcasting) (of news coverage) concentrating on serious stories
25. (Linguistics / Phonetics & Phonology) Phonetics
a. an older word for fortis
b. (not in modern technical usage) denoting the consonants c and g in English when they are pronounced as velar stops (k, g)
c. (of consonants in the Slavonic languages) not palatalized
26. (Military / Fortifications)
a. being heavily fortified and protected
b. (of nuclear missiles) located underground in massively reinforced silos
27. (Government, Politics & Diplomacy) politically extreme the hard left
28. Brit and NZ informal incorrigible or disreputable (esp in the phrase a hard case)
29. (Cookery) (of bread, etc.) stale and old
a hard nut to crack
a. a person not easily persuaded or won over
b. a thing not easily understood
hard by near; close by
hard doer NZ a tough worker at anything
hard done by unfairly or badly treated
hard up Informal
a. in need of money; poor
b. (foll by for) in great need (of) hard up for suggestions
put the hard word on Austral and NZ informal to ask or demand something from

adv
1. with great energy, force, or vigour the team always played hard
2. as far as possible; all the way hard left
3. with application; earnestly or intently she thought hard about the formula
4. with great intensity, force, or violence his son's death hit him hard
5. (foll by on, upon, by, or after) close; near hard on his heels
6. (foll by at) assiduously; devotedly
7.
a. with effort or difficulty their victory was hard won
b. (in combination) hard-earned
8. slowly and reluctantly prejudice dies hard
go hard with to cause pain or difficulty to (someone) it will go hard with you if you don't tell the truth
hard at it working hard
hard put (to it) scarcely having the capacity (to do something) he's hard put to get to work by 9:30

n
1. any colorant that produces a harsh coarse appearance
2. (Engineering / Civil Engineering) Brit a roadway across a foreshore
3. Slang hard labour
4. Slang an erection of the penis (esp in the phrase get or have a hard on)

[b][b]HARDY
har•dy 1 (här d )
adj. har•di•er, har•di•est [/b]
[/b]
1. Being in robust and sturdy good health. See Synonyms at healthy.
2. Courageous; intrepid.
3. Brazenly daring; audacious.
4. Capable of surviving unfavorable conditions, such as cold weather or lack of moisture. Used especially of cultivated plants.
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[Middle English, from Old French hardi, past participle of hardir, make hard, embolden, of Germanic origin; see kar- in Indo-European roots.]
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HARDILY
har di•ly adv.
har di•ness n.

HARDLY
hard•ly (härd l )
adv.

1. Barely; just.
2. To almost no degree; almost not: I could hardly hear the speaker.
3. Probably or almost surely not: "Easily was a man made an infidel, but hardly might he be converted to another faith" (T.E. Lawrence).
4. With severity; harshly.
5. With great difficulty; painfully.
hardly [ˈhɑːdlɪ]

adv
1. scarcely; barely we hardly knew the family
2. just; only just he could hardly hold the cup
3. Often used ironically almost or probably not or not at all he will hardly incriminate himself
4. with difficulty or effort
5. Rare harshly or cruelly

Usage: Since hardly, scarcely, and barely already have negative force, it is redundant to use another negative in the same clause: he had hardly had (not he hadn't hardly had) time to think; there was scarcely any (not scarcely no) bread left

I hope you like it.

regards.