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[Scientist_A]

In the reading passage it is mentioned that much archeological evidence gives idea that people migrate to North America from Eastern Asia. But in the listening passage the professor gives other evidence that make this theory questionable. In the reading passage it is underlined that there was a landbridge between these continents which called Beringia. Because of the last Ice age the sea level decreased. That is why there was a landmass that gave opportunity to Asians to move to America. After some years that people migrated to new contient the Ice age finished and the galcies began to melt. That is why the sea level increased and covered the Beringia. So the connection between these contient disappeared. This view is called Clovis-first theory. But in the listening passage the professor emphasizes that the Clovis era occured about 11000 to 13000 years ago. But there are much archeological evidence that prove that there was life in America many thousands years before that time. For example he demonstrates that there are some old cities in South America that they have about 18000 years old. Moreover, he metions that there are many old fossils that they show there were a lot tribes not only one. It means that from different places and different times people migrate to these places. The last evidence that the professor says that DNA analyzes prove that people came to America 40000 years ago. All these facts give the idea that the Clovis-first theory is not accurate.

TOEFL listening discussions: A conversation between two university students (2)