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TOEFL Word List # TOEFL/W3

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  Word Descriptions shibboleth, promontory, deluge, proletariat, microcosm, forbearance, sinecure, incumbent, arbiter, proximity


   
Description of shibboleth (noun)
party slogan

Samples of shibboleth
Colonel Goreng was moving away from the details of the operation to talk about the Western concept of human rights, to mock it, to say what a ridiculous shibboleth it was when it stopped you defending the rights of those who weren't criminals, when Mrs Goreng knocked on the door.



   
Description of promontory (noun)
piece of land jutting into a body of water; bluff

Samples of promontory
The boat hit the rocky promontory, splitting the bow.



   
Description of deluge (noun)
great flood; downpour; inundation; drenching rain

Samples of deluge
He went on to prove that earthquakes were the result of electrical disturbances of the air of which the movement of the Earth was a secondary effect, that sponges were not living creatures and that the deluge took place in the Autumn.



   
Description of proletariat (noun)
working class; social class comprised of manual laborers

Samples of proletariat
The transformation of the peasantry into a rural proletariat weakened hamula (patrilineal extended family) ties, and strengthened class ones.



   
Description of microcosm (noun)
little world or universe in miniature

Samples of microcosm
The hazards are internal; as the pressure-cooker microcosm of the nation's Balkanisation, it is impossible to court, for instance, the Jewish vote without offending blacks, and vice-versa.



   
Description of forbearance (noun)
self-restraint; self-control; abstinence; moderation

Samples of forbearance
He exhibited remarkable forbearance when confronted with the mischievous children.



   
Description of sinecure (noun)
profitable and easy job

Samples of sinecure
One way of evading restrictions was to find sinecure posts for good players; one man was given the job of checking the advertising posters for the club, though the most common trick was for club directors, who were often substantial employers, to find part-time or simply bogus jobs for which payment was made.



   
Description of incumbent (noun)
person who currently holds an office or position

Samples of incumbent
Nicholas Ridley, the latest incumbent, is retaining his silken skills to advise on industrial and financial affairs and the Airbus program.



   
Description of arbiter (noun)
person who is authorized to judge or decide

Samples of arbiter
The decision of who would represent the people was made by the arbiter.



   
Description of proximity (noun)
nearness; vicinity; adjacency; closeness

Samples of proximity
The close proximity of the issue to the announcement of cost overruns at Eurotunnel has led many analysts to highlight the similarities between the schemes.



  Determinations of the words shibboleth, promontory, deluge, proletariat, microcosm, forbearance, sinecure, incumbent, arbiter, proximity

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     TOEFL vocabulary test: Vocabulary Building: English Nouns         Free TOEFL test: Free word games online: Noun Quiz         TOEFL Words: (printable version)         Definition of shibboleth, promontory, deluge, proletariat, microcosm