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TOEFL Word List # TOEFL/W8

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Description of refute (verb)
to challenge; to disprove; to prove false

Samples of refute
This bold hypothesis would still be accepted by many anthropologists and historians, and even those who have tried to refute it are still working within its framework.
Now individuals and community groups had the facts at their fingertips to refute the placatory statements of the developers and corporate businessmen, and no longer had to rely on instinctive judgments to support their case.



   
Description of calumniate (verb)
to accuse falsely or maliciously in order to injure another's reputation; to slander

Samples of calumniate
This led us to agitate the question, whether legal redress could be obtained, even when a man's deceased relation was calumniated in a publication.



   
Description of allude (verb)
to refer indirectly to something; to hint

Samples of allude
The story alludes to part of the author's life.
Without stating that the defendant was an ex-convict, the prosecutor alluded to the fact by mentioning his length of unemployment.



   
Description of malice (noun)
hostility; malevolence

Samples of malice
Express malice may defeat a plea of qualified privilege, and in this sense malice means, first, personal spite in the contents of the statement or, secondly, personal spite in the mode or extent of the publication.



   
Description of dispel (verb)
to drive away; to scatter; to lessen

Samples of dispel
The Masters Committee itself does nothing to dispel the feeling that the event is something special.



   
Description of exculpate (verb)
to free from guilt; to declare innocent

Samples of exculpate
The therapy session will exculpate the man from his guilty feelings.



   
Description of abdicate (verb)
to reject; to renounce; to abandon; to give up

Samples of abdicate
Due to their poor payment record, it may be necessary to abdicate our business relationship with the Durmount corporation.



   
Description of jettison (verb)
to throw goods overboard to lighten a vehicle; to discard; to get rid of

Samples of jettison
To raise the balloon above the storm clouds, they had to jettison the ballast.



   
Description of dissent (verb)
differ in opinion; to dispute; to differ; to oppose

Samples of dissent
They agreed that something had to be done, but dissented on how to do it.



   
Description of apprehend (verb)
to catch; to anticipate; to arrest; to understand; to conceive

Samples of apprehend
Roses and orchids are too obviously beautiful, and so they lack this remnant of grace: maybe, if there is any harmony left for us to discover, maybe we shall as soon apprehend it in dog shit or an old man's spittle, sizzling on the grate.



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