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TOEFL Word List # TOEFL/W31

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  Word Descriptions hiatus, resentment, reprisal, hypothesis, buffoon, novice, gossamer, cosmopolitan, caricature, vicissitude


   
Description of hiatus (noun)
interval; break; period of rest; separation; interruption; opening

Samples of hiatus
Summer vacation provided a much-needed hiatus for the students.
Between graduation and the first day of his new job, Tim took a three-month hiatus in the Caribbean.



   
Description of resentment (noun)
feeling of displeasure or indignation resulting from mistreatment or abuse

Samples of resentment
Being able to say these difficult, and intensely private things to her mother before the funeral was the trigger she wanted to be able to grieve genuinely and begin to feel the loss of her mother, rather than nurse the resentment she had had for so many years.



   
Description of reprisal (noun)
injury inflicted in turn for one received; retaliation; revenge

Samples of reprisal
Informed sources in the Caribbean thought it likely that the political maneouvrings behind all this were by way of a reprisal for a report by Lord Avebury criticizing Forbes Burnham's ruling party for election-rigging.



   
Description of hypothesis (noun)
assumption made for the sake of argument; supposition

Samples of hypothesis
This bold hypothesis would still be accepted by many anthropologists and historians, and even those who have tried to refute it are still working within its framework.



   
Description of buffoon (noun)
clown; joker; fool; ludicrous figure

Samples of buffoon
He regarded the chaplain as a buffoon though a dedicated buffoon.
Hitchcock sets an innocent woman against Charles Laughton's squire, a criminal buffoon, and a gang of smugglers, but there is never any real conflict, and the ending is almost comic.



   
Description of novice (noun)
inexperienced person; beginner

Samples of novice
The book is divided into seven chapters/days, which guide you on from novice to competent windsurfer, with the help of written explanations and step by step photos and diagrams.



   
Description of gossamer (noun)
very thin gauzelike fabric or structure; cobweb

Samples of gossamer
Saliva glistened on her chin like brown gossamer.



   
Description of cosmopolitan (noun)
person who is at home in all countries; citizen of the world

Samples of cosmopolitan
Ultimately, many cosmopolitans had to accommodate what seems like a psychological imperative: that we have duties first and foremost to our intimates, for what use is a moral system that is wholly out of touch with the people it purports to guide?



   
Description of caricature (noun)
drawing that exaggerates certain physical characteristics

Samples of caricature
This picture is, however, a caricature of Roman Catholic teaching on the subject, although unfortunately not always a caricature of Catholic practice.



   
Description of vicissitude (noun)
change from one condition to another, often unexpected

Samples of vicissitude
There's a 'truth' of pop music to be found in the wet seats at Beatles or Stones concerts - as much as in the pantheon of Lennon's songwriting, or the vicissitudes of the counter culture.



  Determinations of the words hiatus, resentment, reprisal, hypothesis, buffoon, novice, gossamer, cosmopolitan, caricature, vicissitude

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     TOEFL test: Vocabulary Words: Example of Nouns         TOEFL test: Word games: Free Online Noun Game         TOEFL Vocabulary: (printable version)         Definition of hiatus, resentment, reprisal, hypothesis, buffoon